Introduction To Diagnostic Of Intestinal Amaebaes
Parasites that are known as genus Amebaes are single celled eukaryotes and can be a parasite to all classes of vertebrates, a few invertebrates and possibly other unicellular eukaryotes too. All type of Amebas species has a simple life cycle that consists of trophozoites and cysts stage. At least six species of Entamoeba can be a parasite to humans. However, only one species of Entamoeba which is E. histolytica is known to cause disease which ia amebiasis and the other often related to immunocompromised disease and incorprated with other pathogenic parasit . The species of Entamoeba can be differentiating based on their morphology of the criteria as below:
· The identity of the host
· The size of the trophozoite and cyst
· Nuclear morphology
· The number of nuclei in the mature cyst
· The identity of the host
· The size of the trophozoite and cyst
· Nuclear morphology
· The number of nuclei in the mature cyst
Mode Of Transmissions
Fecal Oral transmission factor:
· Poor personal hygiene
· Children (eg: day care centre)
· Institution (eg: prisons, mental hospitals, orphanges)
Developing countries:
· Poor sanitation
· Lack of indoor plumbing
· Endemic
· Traveler’s diarrhea
· Poor personal hygiene
· Children (eg: day care centre)
· Institution (eg: prisons, mental hospitals, orphanges)
Developing countries:
· Poor sanitation
· Lack of indoor plumbing
· Endemic
· Traveler’s diarrhea
Possible Virulence Factors
· Host factor ( eg: immune response)
· Parasite factor
· Resistance to host response (complement resistance)
· Adherence properties ( Eh-Lectin)
· Cytolytic properties
· Ability of breakdown tissues ( selected protease)
· Parasite factor
· Resistance to host response (complement resistance)
· Adherence properties ( Eh-Lectin)
· Cytolytic properties
· Ability of breakdown tissues ( selected protease)
Common Symptoms
In some people, the symptoms are mild, onsisting of :
· mild pain and gurgling sounds in the lower abdomen,along with two or three loose stools daily.
In other people, however, there can be full-blown symptoms of amoebic dysentery:
· including high fever,
· severe abdominal pain
· 10 or more episodes of diarrhea daily. Typically, this diarrhea is watery or contains blood and mucus.
When amebas spread to the liver and cause liver abscess, symptoms can include:
· fever,
· nausea,
· vomiting,
· pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen
· weight loss and an enlarged liver.
It is possible for a person to develop symptoms of an amoebic liver abscess without ever having had the diarrhea typical of infection.
· mild pain and gurgling sounds in the lower abdomen,along with two or three loose stools daily.
In other people, however, there can be full-blown symptoms of amoebic dysentery:
· including high fever,
· severe abdominal pain
· 10 or more episodes of diarrhea daily. Typically, this diarrhea is watery or contains blood and mucus.
When amebas spread to the liver and cause liver abscess, symptoms can include:
· fever,
· nausea,
· vomiting,
· pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen
· weight loss and an enlarged liver.
It is possible for a person to develop symptoms of an amoebic liver abscess without ever having had the diarrhea typical of infection.